Abstract
**Co-lead author
Introduction Patients with multiple myeloma (MM) who relapse early after frontline therapy with autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) have a poor prognosis. Novel therapies are needed to improve outcomes (Paiva Blood 2012; Bygrave Br J Haematol 2020). In the pivotal phase 2 KarMMa study (NCT03361748), treatment with the B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy idecabtagene vicleucel (ide-cel) resulted in frequent, deep, and durable responses in pts with relapsed and refractory MM (RRMM) who were triple-class exposed and refractory to last treatment (Munshi N Engl J Med 2021). KarMMa-2 is a multicohort, phase 2, multicenter trial (NCT03601078) of ide-cel in RRMM and in clinical high-risk MM, defined as early relapse after frontline therapy (cohorts 2a, 2b) or inadequate response after frontline ASCT (2c). The efficacy and safety of ide-cel in cohort 2a are presented.
Methods Eligible pts in cohort 2a had early relapse after frontline therapy, defined as progressive disease (PD) <18 mo from starting treatment containing induction, ASCT (single or tandem), and lenalidomide-containing maintenance. After lymphodepletion (cyclophosphamide 300 mg/m2 + fludarabine 30 mg/m2 × 3), pts received a single infusion of ide-cel at 150-450 × 106 CAR+ T cells.
The primary efficacy endpoint was complete response (CR) rate (CRR; CR and stringent CR) by investigator per IMWG criteria. Secondary endpoints included overall response rate (ORR; ≥ partial response), time to response (TTR), duration of response (DOR), PFS, OS, safety, and pharmacokinetics (PK). Exploratory endpoints included assessment of soluble BCMA (sBCMA) level and minimal residual disease negativity (MRD-) by next-generation sequencing (<10-5 nucleated cells). Efficacy and safety were analyzed in all pts who received ide-cel; PK and sBCMA were analyzed in evaluable pts. MRD- is reported for evaluable pts with ≥CR.
Results Ide-cel was successfully manufactured and infused in 37/39 pts. Median age was 57 y; median time since diagnosis was 1.6 y. A total of 62.2% pts had ECOG PS 0, and 70.3% received bridging therapies (corticosteroids, alkylating agents, immunomodulatory agents, proteasome inhibitors [PI], and/or anti-CD38 antibodies) for MM. At study entry, 13.5%/51.4%/5.4% pts had R-ISS stage I/II/III disease, 32.4% had high-risk cytogenetics, 18.9% had bone marrow biopsy-determined high tumor burden (≥50% bone marrow CD138+ plasma cells), and 8.1% had extramedullary disease. Most pts had disease refractory to an immunomodulatory agent (86.5%) or PI (89.2%); 86.5% had double refractory disease.
At data cut-off (14 Mar 2022), median follow-up was 21.5 mo (range 2-31). CRR was 45.9% (95% CI 29.5-63.1), and ORR was 83.8% (95% CI 68.0-93.8) (Table 1). At 6 mo post-ide-cel, MRD− was observed in 11/13 (85%; 95% CI 57.8-95.7) pts. At 12 mo, MRD− was observed in 7/10 (70%; 95% CI 39.7-89.2) pts; of the 7 pts, 1 had PD at 20.8 mo, 5 sustained MRD− at ≥18 mo, and >12 mo data was unavailable for 1 pt. Median TTR was 1 mo (range 0.9-2.9). Median DOR was 15.7 mo (95% CI 7.62-19.81). Median PFS was 11.4 mo (95% CI 5.55-19.58); median OS was not reached. Time to event endpoint results for DOR, PFS, and OS are shown in Table 1.
Grade (Gr) 3-4 AEs on or after ide-cel infusion occurred in all pts, most commonly neutropenia in 35 (94.6%) pts, anemia in 17 (45.9%), and thrombocytopenia in 14 (37.8%). Two pts died due to pneumonia and pseudomonal sepsis. Gr 1/2 cytokine release syndrome (CRS) occurred in 30 (81.1%) pts; 1 (2.7%) pt had a Gr 3 event (Table 1). Gr 1/2 investigator-identified neurotoxicity (NT) occurred in 8 (21.6%) pts; no pts had ≥Gr 3 NT.
Robust cell expansion was seen in 36 evaluable pts (Table 2). Ide-cel cellular expansion levels were higher in pts who had ≥CR vs those who had <CR with ide-cel (Table 2). sBCMA (range 15.0-737.0 ng/mL at infusion, n = 36) was cleared within 2 mo post-ide-cel infusion in 25/37 (67.6%) pts, including all pts who had ≥CR.
Conclusions Ide-cel treatment demonstrated frequent, deep responses in pts who experienced an early relapse after frontline therapy with ASCT. MRD− was sustained in a subset of pts >18 mo. The incidence of CRS and NT were similar in these pts vs those treated with ide-cel in later lines. These results support a favorable clinical benefit-risk profile of ide-cel and its potential use in earlier lines of treatment.
Disclosures
Usmani:Amgen, BMS, Janssen, Sanofi: Speakers Bureau; Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, EdoPharma, Genentech, Gilead, GSK, Janssen,Oncopeptides, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, SecuraBio, SkylineDX, Takeda, TeneoBio: Consultancy; Amgen, Array Biopharma, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Janssen, Merck, Pharmacyclics, Sanofi, Seattle Genetics, SkylineDX, Takeda: Research Funding. Patel:Janssen, Celgene/BMS, Caribou Sciences, Arcellx, Cellectis, Merck, Pfizer, Karyopharm, Oncopeptides: Consultancy. Hari:Pharmacyclics: Consultancy; Iovance: Current Employment; Spectrum Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding; Millennium: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Consultancy, Honoraria; Takeda: Consultancy, Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Honoraria; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Sanofi: Consultancy, Honoraria; Kite: Consultancy, Honoraria; GlaxoSmithKline: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria; AbbVie: Honoraria. Berdeja:Poseida: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; CRISPR Therapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Acetylon: Research Funding; Takeda: Consultancy, Research Funding; Legend Biotech: Consultancy; Bluebird bio: Consultancy, Research Funding; Kite Pharma: Consultancy; Lilly: Research Funding; SecuraBio: Consultancy; Teva: Research Funding; Zentalis: Research Funding; 2Seventy bio: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Ichnos Sciences: Research Funding; C4 Therapeutics: Research Funding; Celularity: Research Funding; CARsgen: Research Funding; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding; GlaxoSmithKline: Research Funding; Fate Therapeutics: Research Funding; EMD Sorono: Research Funding; Cartesian Therapeutics: Research Funding; Amgen: Research Funding; Karyopharm: Research Funding; Genentech: Research Funding; Sanofi: Consultancy, Research Funding; AbbVie: Research Funding; Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Alsina:BMS: Research Funding; BMS, Janssen: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau. Vij:BMS, Sanofi, Takeda: Research Funding; BMS, Takeda, Sanofi, GSK, Janssen, Pfizer, Oncopeptides, Legend, Biegene, Harpoon, Adaptive: Consultancy. Raje:Medscape: Honoraria; Amgen: Consultancy, Honoraria; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria; Celgene: Honoraria; Research to Practice: Honoraria; Two Seventy Bio: Research Funding; Massachusetts General Hospita: Current Employment; Janssen: Consultancy, Honoraria. Leleu:Amgen, BMS/Celgene, Janssen, Takeda, Novartis, Sanofi, Merck, Oncopeptide, Karyopharm, Roche, Abbvie, Carsgen, GSK, and Harpoon Therapeutics: Honoraria; Janssen: Honoraria; BMS: Honoraria; Takeda: Honoraria; Sanofi: Honoraria; Amgen: Honoraria; Amgen, Merck, BMS, GSK, Janssen, Oncopeptide, Takeda, Roche, Novartis, AbbVie, Sanofi, Gilead, Pfizer, Harpoon Therapeutic, Regeneron, Iteos: Consultancy, Honoraria; Pfizer: Honoraria. Dhodapkar:Lava Therapeutics, Sanofi, Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Reshef:Capstan Therapeutics: Consultancy; BMS: Honoraria; Immatics: Research Funding; J&J: Research Funding; Bayer: Consultancy; TScan: Consultancy; University Of Pennsylvania: Other: Data Safety Monitoring Board; Shire: Research Funding; Regeneron: Consultancy; Synthekine: Consultancy; MidaTech: Consultancy; Atara Biotherapeutics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Precision Biosciences: Research Funding; Pharmacyclics: Research Funding; Takeda: Research Funding; Jasper: Consultancy; Incyte: Research Funding; Gilead: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: Travel Support, Research Funding; Novartis: Honoraria. Truppel-Hartmann:2 seventy bio: Current equity holder in private company; 2 seventy bio: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; 2 seventy bio: Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months; 2 seventy bio: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; 2 seventy bio: Current Employment. Basudhar:NA: Patents & Royalties: US Patent 10,213,445; US Patent 8,633,177; Bristol Myers Squibb: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; NeoImmune Tech: Consultancy; NextCure: Ended employment in the past 24 months; BMS: Current Employment. Thompson:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment, Current equity holder in publicly-traded company. Zheng:Janssen: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment. Ananthakrishnan:Bristol-Myers Squibb (BMS): Current Employment; ASA Princeton-Trenton: Consultancy; BMS: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; BMS: Current equity holder in private company; BMS: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; ASA Pricenton-Trenton: Other: Am President-Elect of ASA Pricenton-Trenton chapter but voluntary position (no financial compensation or conflict). Greggio:Ferring Pharmaceuticals: Ended employment in the past 24 months; Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company. Favre-Kontula:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment. Sternas:Bristol Myers Squibb: Current Employment; Bristol Myers Squibb: Current holder of stock options in a privately-held company; Bristol Myers Squibb: Current equity holder in publicly-traded company; Bristol Myers Squibb: Divested equity in a private or publicly-traded company in the past 24 months. San-Miguel:Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, GSK, Haemalogix, Janssen-Cilag, Karyopharm, MSD, Novartis, Takeda, Regeneron, Roche, Sanofi, and SecuraBio: Consultancy, Other: Advisory Board.
OffLabel Disclosure:
ABECMA is a B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA)-directed genetically modified autologous T cell immunotherapy indicated for the treatment of adult patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma after four or more prior lines of therapy, including an immunomodulatory agent, a proteasome inhibitor, and an anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody.
